Tungstic acid (specifically orthotungstic acid or wolframic acid) is a yellow-coloured inorganic compound. It is the hydrate form of tungsten trioxide ($\text{WO}_3 \cdot \text{H}_2\text{O}$) and serves as a fundamental intermediate in the extraction and chemical processing of tungsten metal.
Key Chemical & Physical Properties
| Property |
Value / Specification |
| Chemical Formula |
$\text{H}_2\text{WO}_4$ |
| CAS Registry Number |
7783-03-1 |
| Molar Mass |
$249.85\text{ g/mol}$ |
| Appearance |
Bright yellow crystalline powder |
| Density |
$5.59\text{ g/cm}^3$ |
| Melting / Thermal Behavior |
Decomposes at $\sim100^\circ\text{C}$ (loses $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ to form $\text{WO}_3$) |
| Solubility in Water |
Virtually insoluble |
| Solubility in Acids |
Insoluble in most mineral acids; soluble in hydrofluoric acid ($\text{HF}$) |
| Solubility in Bases |
Readily soluble in aqueous ammonia and caustic alkalis (forming tungstates) |
Primary Applications
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Tungsten Production: Essential intermediate in refining tungsten ores (scheelite and wolframite) to produce high-purity tungsten powder, wire, filaments, and tungsten carbide ($\text{WC}$) for cutting tools.
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Industrial Catalyst: Acts as an eco-friendly acid/oxidation catalyst in organic reactions, such as alcohol oxidation, olefin epoxidation, and alkane transformations.
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Textile & Dye Industry: Applied as a mordant in dyeing processes and as a flame-retardant or waterproofing additive for fabrics.
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Pigments & Ceramics: Used to give yellow coloration to ceramics, glazes, and industrial paints.
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Analytical Chemistry: Serves as a chemical reagent to precipitate proteins, alkaloids, and test for trace metal ions.
Preparation Methods
Tungstic acid is typically prepared by reacting alkali tungstate solutions (such as Sodium Tungstate) with concentrated mineral acids ($\text{HCl}$ or $\text{HNO}_3$), causing yellow tungstic acid to precipitate out:
$$\text{Na}_2\text{WO}_4 + 2\text{HCl} \longrightarrow \text{H}_2\text{WO}_4\downarrow + 2\text{NaCl}$$
Trade & Identification Details